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默认 印前制作、输出常见问题的处理

近几年来,印前制作软件日益丰富多样,PC平台软件要求输出也越来越多,由于某种原因跨平台、多软件融合制作文件的复杂性,使得输出时经出现这样那样的问题。如何正确的制作和输出所需要的效果,就成为人们十分关心的问题。笔者通过多年的制作和输出实践,提出以下几点经验以供参考。   一、关于图形、图像软件
  图像处理软件主要是Photoshop。Photoshop需要注意的问题是图像的分辨力应达到印刷要求的300或350dpi颜色模式一般应用CMYK,可使得输出的色彩和制作时相一致。若用其它模式,可能会使得输出结果和制作时色彩出现较大差异,这主要是因为一般RIP都会将模式自动转换成CMYK,造成色彩偏差。存储格式一般使用制作软件普遍接受的TIFF,去底的图像可用剪辑路径存储。较大的文件最好用分色EPS存储,一来避免一些组版软件(如PageMaker)出现图像变形的现象,二来可大大加快形成PS文件和RIP解释过程。
  矢量图形处理软件主要是Illustrator。Illustrator在图形制作方面相当方便和优秀,文件格式EPS也为各种组版软件所接受,而且拉伸缩放不影响输出效果。主要注意的问题是它的100%黑色不是自动叠印,而是让空。可在滤镜-颜色-黑色叠印功能中选取勾边或填充颜色后在属性窗口中选取叠印笔画或填充,这样就可以叠印任何颜色了,也给专色输出带来很大方便。另外Illustrator中字体也可以转为路径输出,应用任何漂亮的字体就不存在问题。
  二、关于组版软件
  苹果、PC平台通用的组版软件主要是PageMaker。该软件比较成熟,但仍有一些问题需要注意。PageMaker主要优点是多页面制作和多点定位功能比较方便,缺点是页面大小受到限制和字体不能随意使用,特别是中文字体,如果是使用位图下载会出现跑位和漏字的现象,英文字体下载则不会出现问题。解决的方法是在图形软件中将字转成路径,并存储为EPS再置入到PageMaker中。PageMaker可做专色和叠印,只需在定义颜色中选择特别色(专色)和将叠印选项勾上即可。PageMaker需注意本身自带的字型效果(如加粗,双影,下划线等),在输出时可能会出现重影或效果无效等问题,这些字型效果最好在其它的软件中制作。
  三、关于Office软件
  Office中的Word、Excel、Powerpoint等都不是为印刷设计的软件,而是办公软件,因此在处理时比较麻烦。首先是文件不能被RIP分色,给彩色印刷带来极大不便。一般处理方法是将文字转存txt,图片导出成TIFF或EPS,转成CMYK后在组版软件中进行重新组版再输出。若是黑白文件输出可直接用原文件形成PS文件,但需注意不能直接将原文件带至输出中心进行输出。不同的软件环境不造成版面出现较大的改变,在制作的机器上生成PS文件再到输出中心RIP进行解释,就不会出现版面跑位的问题。
  四、关于CorelDraw软件
  目前PC平台的CorelDraw应用广泛,CorelDraw功能强大,能制作矢量图形和组版,特效功能很多。值得注意的是,输出时灰色有时让空有时不让空,印刷中除100%黑色外一般灰色都要求让空,这就需要在打印选项的分色菜单中将永远叠印黑色勾上,这样会使100%黑色叠印,其余灰色让空。CorelDraw中有时出现RIP不能解释的情况,主要是曲线过多或有一些错误的隐含字符所致。这时就需要用排队法耐心找出这睦错误并改正,在最后没有办法的情况下可试验将其导出成AI在Illustrator中转存成EPS输出,或转存成其它版本(如CorelDraw6.0最稳定)来输出,只要没有高版本的特殊效果,一般可奏效。CorelDraw中的可置入图片类型广泛,但也经常会出问题,比如去背景的PSD图片在拼版旋转时经常发生图片破损的情况,这样图片必须在Photoshop中旋转好再置入。有的类型图片或特效若输出发现问题可在点阵图菜单--转换点阵图中转换成CMYK的点阵图可解决问题。
  五、关于Autocad等软件
  目前Autocad、Mapcad、MapGIS等工程地图软件要求印刷的情况很多,但RIP软件不能直接输出CAD文件,需要进行转换。通常可将Autocad文件通过PS打印机打印生成EPS文件,再在Illustrator中将RGB色转成CMYK色进行输出,也可编制应用软件将RGB色的EPS文件进行颜色合并和转换专色,这样可使较细的线条用实填专色输出后再在印刷中进行调色,避免了彩色细线难以套准的问题。
  六、关于RIP软件的应用
  RIP软件不仅仅可用来解释PS文件,其中有些应用功能还可发挥一些意想不到的作用。比如HarlequinRIP可将PS文件输出成复合彩色TIFF或分色TIFF文件,这样就可将PageMaker等组版软件中整个版面输出成一个TIFF或FPG供用户校样或作网络电子版。RIP一般还可进行后端分色,前提是文件中图片必须是EPS格式。后端分色可选择自动100%黑色进行叠印和改变任意色版挂网角度,在CAD输出中应用十分有效。
  制作输出中主要出现的问题是文件格式、字体、黑色叠印、专色、版面跑位或色彩模式等,相信通过以上的几点经验和原则,在更多的软件输出中,都能轻松自如地实现即见即所得。

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默认 回复: 印前制作、输出常见问题的处理

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